1. Manuscripts structure 

Manuscripts submitted to this journal should be single-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 fonts, with not more than 7,000 words and must conform to the following order.

    • Title

Centred on top of the first page. Maximum 20 words in length

Underneath the title: Author’s full name, affiliation, and the corresponding email address -- all centred

    • Abstract 

Maximum of 200 words followed by 3 – 5 key words

    • Introduction

The introduction section should clearly state and raise key issues, explain the study's purpose and rationale, and provide an overview of relevant theoretical and empirical literature.

    • Methodology

The methodology section should outline how the research was conducted, detailing the research design, data collection and analysis methods, and addressing ethical considerations

    • Results & discussion

This section should present the study findings and discuss their meaning, relevance, and implications in the context of previous research and theory.

Separation of results and discussion sections is acceptable.

    • Conclusion

The conclusion should concisely summarise the main findings and reaffirm their significance, highlighting the study’s key contributions.

    • Recommendations

The recommendations section should provide specific, actionable suggestions based on the study’s findings, offering practical solutions, guidance for future research, or advice for policymakers and practitioners.

    • Conflict of Interest

Any conflict of interest must be clearly declared here

    • Funding Declaration

Funding declaration must be clearly stated here.

    • References 

The reference list should follow the APA 7th edition and indicate DOI on each reference.

 

Manuscripts should be in a Microsoft Office Word document format (MS Word 97-2003)

< NOTE > 

Submitted manuscripts, not adhering to the journal’s guidelines, shall be rejected right away without clarifications

 

    2. Conflicts of Interest 

Authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may influence the interpretation of their work. This includes financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be perceived as creating a bias. If no conflicts exist, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest”.

    3. Funding Declaration

Authors must declare any funding support received for the study, including grants, contracts, institutional support, or other financial assistance. If no specific funding was received, they should state: “This study received no specific grant from any funding agency”.

    4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Declaration 

Authors are required to transparently declare the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the preparation of their manuscript. This includes, but is not limited to, the use of AI for writing assistance, text generation, data analysis, image creation, or editing. If AI was used, authors must briefly describe how it was used and confirm that the final manuscript, including interpretations, conclusions, and responsibility for accuracy, remains those of the human authors.

    5. Author’s Role in the Peer Review Process

Authors are required to provide a detailed response to each reviewer’s comments. Responses should be presented in a clear, point‑by‑point format, in a response matrix, indicating, for each comment, the specific changes made in the revised manuscript and the corresponding locations in the text (e.g., page, line, or section). This ensures that reviewers and editors can efficiently assess how the manuscript has been revised in light of their feedback.

    6. Submission Process

Authors are required to register and submit their manuscripts online through the journal’s website, ijored.iae.ac.tz. All submissions must be made via the online submission system; email or offline submissions will not be accepted. Once registered, authors can upload their manuscripts, track the review status, and respond to editorial decisions through the same platform

    7. Non-Dual Submission Declaration

Upon submission to this journal, authors must declare that they have not submitted, are not currently submitting, and will not submit the same manuscript to another journal, unless explicitly permitted to do so in writing by this journal. 

    8. ORCID Requirement 

Authors will be required to submit their ORCID IDs upon acceptance of their article for publication. ORCID is a unique, persistent identifier that distinguishes authors from others with similar names, links their scholarly activities across institutions and journals, and enhances the accuracy, transparency, and discoverability of their research output. 

An ORCID ID can be obtained for free at https://orcid.org/. It is a 16-digit ID, displayed in a link format, for example: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-4080  

    9. Author agreement

Authors will be required to sign a publication agreement prior to the publication of their work. This agreement confirms the author’s consent to publication, the applicable licensing terms, and responsibility for the content of the manuscript. Failure to sign the agreement may result in the manuscript not being published in the journal.