Application of Design Thinking to Access how ICT Integration in Teaching and Learning Influences CRE Results in Kisumu Central Sub-County

Abstract

Christian Religious Education (CRE), despite its popularity, has consistently scored below average grades in the KCSE in Kisumu County, CRE having the lowest average among all humanities. Purpose of this study was to explore how Design Thinking process can be used to integrate ICT in CRE in secondary schools in Kisumu Central Sub-County. Study objective was to determine the extent to which ICT integration improves CRE results through design thinking process. This research used design thinking strategies within a descriptive and correlational research designs. Data was collected through FGD guide, questionnaires, and document analysis guide from 21 secondary schools, 1623 students, 68 CRE teachers, 21 directors of study, and 21 principals. A sample of 521 students, 21 CRE teachers, 19 directors of studies, and 19 principals were selected using purposive, saturated, and simple random sampling. Instrument validity was confirmed through expert review and pilot study, and reliability was established using test-retest method at reliability coefficient of .76. Quantitative data analysis involved computing frequencies, means, standard deviation and correlation while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The correlation analysis   between ICT uses and CRE results showed a strong positive relationship (r = .72, p = .032).