Examining the Effects of Covid-19 on Small and Medium-Scale Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Bar and Nightclub Owners in Kalingalinga, Lusaka Province

Abstract

This study explored the effects of COVID-19 on small and medium enterprises, focusing on bars and nightclubs in Kalingalinga, Lusaka. Using a mixed-methods approach, both questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect data from a sample of 380 participants, including 18 bar owners, 18 nightclub owners, and 344 staff members. Purposive sampling was used to select bars and nightclubs officially registered under Chapter 167 of the Liquor Licensing Act, while simple random sampling was applied for participant selection. Data were analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis. Findings revealed major financial and operational challenges such as reduced business hours, employee losses, rent payment difficulties, and low customer turnout. While the government offered tax relief and stimulus packages, most owners faced challenges accessing these due to bureaucratic barriers. The study recommends introducing low-interest loans, grants, tax incentives, rent negotiation strategies, and promoting strict hygiene practices. It also suggests providing SME owners with crisis management training and improving access to government support through simplified processes. Future studies should replicate this research in other regions and across different SME sectors to guide broader policy development.